A.11 Ordres de marcatge de text

@translationof Text markup commands

The following commands can all be used inside \markup { }.

A.11.1 Font

\abs-fontsize size (number) arg (markup)

Use size as the absolute font size (in points) to display arg. Adjusts baseline-skip and word-space accordingly.

\markup { default text font size \hspace #2 \abs-fontsize #16 { text font size 16 } \hspace #2 \abs-fontsize #12 { text font size 12 } }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip (3)
• word-space (0.6)

\bold arg (markup)

Switch to bold font-series.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \bold bold }

\box arg (markup)

Draw a box round arg. Looks at thickness, box-padding and font-size properties to determine line thickness and padding around the markup.

\markup { \override #'(box-padding . 0.5) \box \line { V. S. } }

Used properties:

• box-padding (0.2)
• font-size (0)
• thickness (1)

\caps arg (markup)

Copy of the \smallCaps command.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \caps { Text in small caps } }

\dynamic arg (markup)

Use the dynamic font. This font only contains s, f, m, z, p, and r. When producing phrases, like ‘più f’, the normal words (like ‘più’) should be done in a different font. The recommended font for this is bold and italic.

\markup { \dynamic { sfzp } }

\finger arg (markup)

Set arg as small numbers.

\markup { \finger { 1 2 3 4 5 } }

\fontCaps arg (markup)

Set font-shape to caps

Note: \fontCaps requires the installation and selection of fonts which support the caps font shape.

\fontsize increment (number) arg (markup)

Add increment to the font-size. Adjusts baseline-skip accordingly.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \fontsize #-1.5 smaller }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip (2)
• word-space (1)
• font-size (0)

\huge arg (markup)

Set font size to +2.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \huge huge }

\italic arg (markup)

Use italic font-shape for arg.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \italic italic }

\large arg (markup)

Set font size to +1.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \large large }

\larger arg (markup)

Increase the font size relative to the current setting.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \larger larger }

\magnify sz (number) arg (markup)

Set the font magnification for its argument. In the following example, the middle A is 10% larger:

A \magnify #1.1 { A } A

Note: Magnification only works if a font name is explicitly selected. Use \fontsize otherwise.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \magnify #1.5 { 50% larger } }

\medium arg (markup)

Switch to medium font-series (in contrast to bold).

\markup { \bold { some bold text \hspace #2 \medium { medium font series } \hspace #2 bold again } }

\normal-size-sub arg (markup)

Set arg in subscript with a normal font size.

\markup { default \normal-size-sub { subscript in standard size } }

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\normal-size-super arg (markup)

Set arg in superscript with a normal font size.

\markup { default \normal-size-super { superscript in standard size } }

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\normal-text arg (markup)

Set all font related properties (except the size) to get the default normal text font, no matter what font was used earlier.

\markup { \huge \bold \sans \caps { huge bold sans caps \hspace #2 \normal-text { huge normal } \hspace #2 as before } }

\normalsize arg (markup)

Set font size to default.

\markup { \teeny { this is very small \hspace #2 \normalsize { normal size } \hspace #2 teeny again } }

\number arg (markup)

Set font family to number, which yields the font used for time signatures and fingerings. This font contains numbers and some punctuation; it has no letters.

\markup { \number { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . , } }

\overtie arg (markup)

Overtie arg.

\markup \line { \overtie "overtied" \override #'((offset . 5) (thickness . 1)) \overtie "overtied" \override #'((offset . 1) (thickness . 5)) \overtie "overtied" }

Used properties:

• shorten-pair ((0 . 0))
• height-limit (0.7)
• direction (1)
• offset (2)
• thickness (1)

\replace replacements (list) arg (markup)

Used to automatically replace a string by another in the markup arg. Each pair of the alist replacements specifies what should be replaced. The key is the string to be replaced by the value string.

\markup \replace #'(("thx" . "Thanks!")) thx

\roman arg (markup)

Set font family to roman.

\markup { \sans \bold { sans serif, bold \hspace #2 \roman { text in roman font family } \hspace #2 return to sans } }

\sans arg (markup)

Switch to the sans serif font family.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \sans { sans serif } }

\simple str (string)

A simple text string; \markup { foo } is equivalent with \markup { \simple #"foo" }.

Note: for creating standard text markup or defining new markup commands, the use of \simple is unnecessary.

\markup { \simple #"simple" \simple #"text" \simple #"strings" }

\small arg (markup)

Set font size to -1.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \small small }

\smallCaps arg (markup)

Emit arg as small caps.

Note: \smallCaps does not support accented characters.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \smallCaps { Text in small caps } }

\smaller arg (markup)

Decrease the font size relative to the current setting.

\markup { \fontsize #3.5 { some large text \hspace #2 \smaller { a bit smaller } \hspace #2 more large text } }

\sub arg (markup)

Set arg in subscript.

\markup { \concat { H \sub { 2 } O } }

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\super arg (markup)

Set arg in superscript.

\markup { E = \concat { mc \super 2 } }

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\teeny arg (markup)

Set font size to -3.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \teeny teeny }

\text arg (markup)

Use a text font instead of music symbol or music alphabet font.

\markup { \number { 1, 2, \text { three, four, } 5 } }

\tie arg (markup)

Adds a horizontal bow created with make-tie-stencil at bottom or top of arg. Looks at thickness to determine line thickness, and offset to determine y-offset. The added bow fits the extent of arg, shorten-pair may be used to modify this. direction may be set using an override or direction-modifiers or voiceOne, etc.

\markup { \override #'(direction . 1) \tie "above" \override #'(direction . -1) \tie "below" }

Used properties:

• shorten-pair ((0 . 0))
• height-limit (0.7)
• direction (1)
• offset (2)
• thickness (1)

\tiny arg (markup)

Set font size to -2.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \tiny tiny }

\typewriter arg (markup)

Use font-family typewriter for arg.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \typewriter typewriter }

\underline arg (markup)

Underline arg. Looks at thickness to determine line thickness, offset to determine line y-offset from arg and underline-skip to determine the distance of additional lines from the others. underline-shift is used to get subsequent calls correct. Overriding it makes little sense, it would end up adding the provided value to the one of offset.

\markup \fill-line { \underline "underlined" \override #'(offset . 5) \override #'(thickness . 1) \underline "underlined" \override #'(offset . 1) \override #'(thickness . 5) \underline "underlined" \override #'(offset . 5) \override #'(underline-skip . 4) \underline \underline \underline "multiple underlined" }

Used properties:

• underline-skip (2)
• underline-shift (0)
• offset (2)
• thickness (1)

\undertie arg (markup)

\markup \line { \undertie "undertied" \override #'((offset . 5) (thickness . 1)) \undertie "undertied" \override #'((offset . 1) (thickness . 5)) \undertie "undertied" }

Used properties:

• shorten-pair ((0 . 0))
• height-limit (0.7)
• direction (1)
• offset (2)
• thickness (1)

\upright arg (markup)

Set font-shape to upright. This is the opposite of italic.

\markup { \italic { italic text \hspace #2 \upright { upright text } \hspace #2 italic again } }

A.11.2 Align

\center-align arg (markup)

Align arg to its X center.

\markup { \column { one \center-align two three } }

\center-column args (markup list)

Put args in a centered column.

\markup { \center-column { one two three } }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\column args (markup list)

Stack the markups in args vertically. The property baseline-skip determines the space between markups in args.

\markup { \column { one two three } }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\combine arg1 (markup) arg2 (markup)

Print two markups on top of each other.

Note: \combine cannot take a list of markups enclosed in curly braces as an argument; for this purpose use \overlay instead.

\markup { \fontsize #5 \override #'(thickness . 2) \combine \draw-line #'(0 . 4) \arrow-head #Y #DOWN ##f }

\concat args (markup list)

Concatenate args in a horizontal line, without spaces in between. Strings and simple markups are concatenated on the input level, allowing ligatures. For example, \concat { "f" \simple #"i" } is equivalent to "fi".

\markup { \concat { one two three } }

\dir-column args (markup list)

Make a column of args, going up or down, depending on the setting of the direction layout property.

\markup { \override #`(direction . ,UP) \dir-column { going up } \hspace #1 \dir-column { going down } \hspace #1 \override #'(direction . 1) \dir-column { going up } }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip
• direction

\fill-line args (markup list)

Put markups in a horizontal line of width line-width. The markups are spaced or flushed to fill the entire line. If there are no arguments, return an empty stencil.

\markup { \column { \fill-line { Words evenly spaced across the page } \null \fill-line { \line { Text markups } \line { \italic { evenly spaced } } \line { across the page } } \null \override #'(line-width . 50) \fill-line { Width explicitly specified } } }

Used properties:

• line-width (#f)
• word-space (0.6)
• text-direction (1)

\fill-with-pattern space (number) dir (direction) pattern (markup) left (markup) right (markup)

Put left and right in a horizontal line of width line-width with a line of markups pattern in between. Patterns are spaced apart by space. Patterns are aligned to the dir markup.

\markup \column { "right-aligned :" \fill-with-pattern #1 #RIGHT . first right \fill-with-pattern #1 #RIGHT . second right \null "center-aligned :" \fill-with-pattern #1.5 #CENTER - left right \null "left-aligned :" \override #'(line-width . 50) \fill-with-pattern #2 #LEFT : left first \override #'(line-width . 50) \fill-with-pattern #2 #LEFT : left second }

Used properties:

• line-width
• word-space

\general-align axis (integer) dir (number) arg (markup)

Align arg in axis direction to the dir side.

\markup { \column { one \general-align #X #LEFT two three \null one \general-align #X #CENTER two three \null \line { one \general-align #Y #UP two three } \null \line { one \general-align #Y #3.2 two three } } }

\halign dir (number) arg (markup)

Set horizontal alignment. If dir is -1, then it is left-aligned, while +1 is right. Values in between interpolate alignment accordingly.

\markup { \column { one \halign #LEFT two three \null one \halign #CENTER two three \null one \halign #RIGHT two three \null one \halign #-5 two three } }

\hcenter-in length (number) arg (markup)

Center arg horizontally within a box of extending length/2 to the left and right.

\new StaffGroup << \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \hcenter-in #12 Oboe } c''1 } \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \hcenter-in #12 Bassoon } \clef tenor c'1 } >>

\hspace amount (number)

Create an invisible object taking up horizontal space amount.

\markup { one \hspace #2 two \hspace #8 three }

\justify-field symbol (symbol)

Justify the data which has been assigned to symbol.

\header { title = "My title" myText = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat." } \paper { bookTitleMarkup = \markup { \column { \fill-line { \fromproperty #'header:title } \null \justify-field #'header:myText } } } \markup { \null }

\justify-line args (markup list)

Put markups in a horizontal line of width line-width. The markups are spread to fill the entire line and separated by equal space. If there are no arguments, return an empty stencil.

\markup { \justify-line { Space between neighboring words is constant } }

Used properties:

• line-width (#f)
• word-space (0.6)
• text-direction (1)

\justify args (markup list)

Like \wordwrap, but with lines stretched to justify the margins. Use \override #'(line-width . X) to set the line width; X is the number of staff spaces.

\markup { \justify { Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. } }

Used properties:

• text-direction (1)
• word-space
• line-width (#f)
• baseline-skip

\justify-string arg (string)

Justify a string. Paragraphs may be separated with double newlines

\markup { \override #'(line-width . 40) \justify-string #"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum" }

Used properties:

• text-direction (1)
• word-space
• line-width
• baseline-skip

\left-align arg (markup)

Align arg on its left edge.

\markup { \column { one \left-align two three } }

\left-column args (markup list)

Put args in a left-aligned column.

\markup { \left-column { one two three } }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\line args (markup list)

Put args in a horizontal line. The property word-space determines the space between markups in args.

\markup { \line { one two three } }

Used properties:

• text-direction (1)
• word-space

\lower amount (number) arg (markup)

Lower arg by the distance amount. A negative amount indicates raising; see also \raise.

\markup { one \lower #3 two three }

\overlay args (markup list)

Takes a list of markups combining them.

\markup { \fontsize #5 \override #'(thickness . 2) \overlay { \draw-line #'(0 . 4) \arrow-head #Y #DOWN ##f \translate #'(0 . 4)\arrow-head #Y #UP ##f } }

\pad-around amount (number) arg (markup)

Add padding amount all around arg.

\markup { \box { default } \hspace #2 \box { \pad-around #0.5 { padded } } }

\pad-markup amount (number) arg (markup)

Add space around a markup object. Identical to pad-around.

\markup { \box { default } \hspace #2 \box { \pad-markup #1 { padded } } }

\pad-to-box x-ext (pair of numbers) y-ext (pair of numbers) arg (markup)

Make arg take at least x-ext, y-ext space.

\markup { \box { default } \hspace #4 \box { \pad-to-box #'(0 . 10) #'(0 . 3) { padded } } }

\pad-x amount (number) arg (markup)

Add padding amount around arg in the X direction.

\markup { \box { default } \hspace #4 \box { \pad-x #2 { padded } } }

\put-adjacent axis (integer) dir (direction) arg1 (markup) arg2 (markup)

Put arg2 next to arg1, without moving arg1.

\raise amount (number) arg (markup)

Raise arg by the distance amount. A negative amount indicates lowering, see also \lower.

The argument to \raise is the vertical displacement amount, measured in (global) staff spaces. \raise and \super raise objects in relation to their surrounding markups.

If the text object itself is positioned above or below the staff, then \raise cannot be used to move it, since the mechanism that positions it next to the staff cancels any shift made with \raise. For vertical positioning, use the padding and/or extra-offset properties.

\markup { C \small \bold \raise #1.0 9/7+ }

\right-align arg (markup)

Align arg on its right edge.

\markup { \column { one \right-align two three } }

\right-column args (markup list)

Put args in a right-aligned column.

\markup { \right-column { one two three } }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\rotate ang (number) arg (markup)

Rotate object with ang degrees around its center.

\markup { default \hspace #2 \rotate #45 \line { rotated 45° } }

\translate offset (pair of numbers) arg (markup)

Translate arg relative to its surroundings. offset is a pair of numbers representing the displacement in the X and Y axis.

\markup { * \translate #'(2 . 3) \line { translated two spaces right, three up } }

\translate-scaled offset (pair of numbers) arg (markup)

Translate arg by offset, scaling the offset by the font-size.

\markup { \fontsize #5 { * \translate #'(2 . 3) translate \hspace #2 * \translate-scaled #'(2 . 3) translate-scaled } }

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\vcenter arg (markup)

Align arg to its Y center.

\markup { one \vcenter two three }

\vspace amount (number)

Create an invisible object taking up vertical space of amount multiplied by 3.

\markup { \center-column { one \vspace #2 two \vspace #5 three } }

\wordwrap-field symbol (symbol)

Wordwrap the data which has been assigned to symbol.

\header { title = "My title" myText = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat." } \paper { bookTitleMarkup = \markup { \column { \fill-line { \fromproperty #'header:title } \null \wordwrap-field #'header:myText } } } \markup { \null }

\wordwrap args (markup list)

Simple wordwrap. Use \override #'(line-width . X) to set the line width, where X is the number of staff spaces.

\markup { \wordwrap { Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. } }

Used properties:

• text-direction (1)
• word-space
• line-width (#f)
• baseline-skip

\wordwrap-string arg (string)

Wordwrap a string. Paragraphs may be separated with double newlines.

\markup { \override #'(line-width . 40) \wordwrap-string #"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum" }

Used properties:

• text-direction (1)
• word-space
• line-width
• baseline-skip

A.11.3 Graphic

\arrow-head axis (integer) dir (direction) filled (boolean)

Produce an arrow head in specified direction and axis. Use the filled head if filled is specified.

\markup { \fontsize #5 { \general-align #Y #DOWN { \arrow-head #Y #UP ##t \arrow-head #Y #DOWN ##f \hspace #2 \arrow-head #X #RIGHT ##f \arrow-head #X #LEFT ##f } } }

\beam width (number) slope (number) thickness (number)

Create a beam with the specified parameters.

\markup { \beam #5 #1 #2 }

\bracket arg (markup)

Draw vertical brackets around arg.

\markup { \bracket { \note {2.} #UP } }

\circle arg (markup)

Draw a circle around arg. Use thickness, circle-padding and font-size properties to determine line thickness and padding around the markup.

\markup { \circle { Hi } }

Used properties:

• circle-padding (0.2)
• font-size (0)
• thickness (1)

\draw-circle radius (number) thickness (number) filled (boolean)

A circle of radius radius and thickness thickness, optionally filled.

\markup { \draw-circle #2 #0.5 ##f \hspace #2 \draw-circle #2 #0 ##t }

\draw-dashed-line dest (pair of numbers)

A dashed line.

If full-length is set to #t (default) the dashed-line extends to the whole length given by dest, without white space at beginning or end. off will then be altered to fit. To insist on the given (or default) values of on, off use \override #'(full-length . #f) Manual settings for on,off and phase are possible.

\markup { \draw-dashed-line #'(5.1 . 2.3) \override #'((on . 0.3) (off . 0.5)) \draw-dashed-line #'(5.1 . 2.3) }

Used properties:

• full-length (#t)
• phase (0)
• off (1)
• on (1)
• thickness (1)

\draw-dotted-line dest (pair of numbers)

A dotted line.

The dotted-line always extends to the whole length given by dest, without white space at beginning or end. Manual settings for off are possible to get larger or smaller space between the dots. The given (or default) value of off will be altered to fit the line-length.

\markup { \draw-dotted-line #'(5.1 . 2.3) \override #'((thickness . 2) (off . 0.2)) \draw-dotted-line #'(5.1 . 2.3) }

Used properties:

• phase (0)
• off (1)
• thickness (1)

\draw-hline

Draws a line across a page, where the property span-factor controls what fraction of the page is taken up.

\markup { \column { \draw-hline \override #'(span-factor . 1/3) \draw-hline } }

Used properties:

• span-factor (1)
• line-width
• draw-line-markup

\draw-line dest (pair of numbers)

A simple line.

\markup { \draw-line #'(4 . 4) \override #'(thickness . 5) \draw-line #'(-3 . 0) }

Used properties:

• thickness (1)

\draw-squiggle-line sq-length (number) dest (pair of numbers) eq-end? (boolean)

A squiggled line.

If eq-end? is set to #t, it is ensured the squiggled line ends with a bow in same direction as the starting one. sq-length is the length of the first bow. dest is the end point of the squiggled line. To match dest the squiggled line is scaled accordingly. Its appearance may be customized by overrides for thickness, angularity, height and orientation.

\markup \column { \draw-squiggle-line #0.5 #'(6 . 0) ##t \override #'(orientation . -1) \draw-squiggle-line #0.5 #'(6 . 0) ##t \draw-squiggle-line #0.5 #'(6 . 0) ##f \override #'(height . 1) \draw-squiggle-line #0.5 #'(6 . 0) ##t \override #'(thickness . 5) \draw-squiggle-line #0.5 #'(6 . 0) ##t \override #'(angularity . 2) \draw-squiggle-line #0.5 #'(6 . 0) ##t }

Used properties:

• orientation (1)
• height (0.5)
• angularity (0)
• thickness (0.5)

\ellipse arg (markup)

Draw an ellipse around arg. Use thickness, x-padding, y-padding and font-size properties to determine line thickness and padding around the markup.

\markup { \ellipse { Hi } }

Used properties:

• y-padding (0.2)
• x-padding (0.2)
• font-size (0)
• thickness (1)

\epsfile axis (number) size (number) file-name (string)

Inline an EPS image. The image is scaled along axis to size.

\markup { \general-align #Y #DOWN { \epsfile #X #20 #"context-example.eps" \epsfile #Y #20 #"context-example.eps" } }

\filled-box xext (pair of numbers) yext (pair of numbers) blot (number)

Draw a box with rounded corners of dimensions xext and yext. For example,

\filled-box #'(-.3 . 1.8) #'(-.3 . 1.8) #0

creates a box extending horizontally from -0.3 to 1.8 and vertically from -0.3 up to 1.8, with corners formed from a circle of diameter 0 (i.e., sharp corners).

\markup { \filled-box #'(0 . 4) #'(0 . 4) #0 \filled-box #'(0 . 2) #'(-4 . 2) #0.4 \filled-box #'(1 . 8) #'(0 . 7) #0.2 \with-color #white \filled-box #'(-4.5 . -2.5) #'(3.5 . 5.5) #0.7 }

\hbracket arg (markup)

Draw horizontal brackets around arg.

\markup { \hbracket { \line { one two three } } }

\oval arg (markup)

Draw an oval around arg. Use thickness, x-padding, y-padding and font-size properties to determine line thickness and padding around the markup.

\markup { \oval { Hi } }

Used properties:

• y-padding (0.75)
• x-padding (0.75)
• font-size (0)
• thickness (1)

\parenthesize arg (markup)

Draw parentheses around arg. This is useful for parenthesizing a column containing several lines of text.

\markup { \parenthesize \column { foo bar } \override #'(angularity . 2) \parenthesize \column { bah baz } }

Used properties:

• width (0.25)
• line-thickness (0.1)
• thickness (1)
• size (1)
• padding
• angularity (0)

\path thickness (number) commands (list)

Draws a path with line thickness according to the directions given in commands. commands is a list of lists where the car of each sublist is a drawing command and the cdr comprises the associated arguments for each command.

There are seven commands available to use in the list commands: moveto, rmoveto, lineto, rlineto, curveto, rcurveto, and closepath. Note that the commands that begin with r are the relative variants of the other three commands.

The commands moveto, rmoveto, lineto, and rlineto take 2 arguments; they are the X and Y coordinates for the destination point.

The commands curveto and rcurveto create cubic Bézier curves, and take 6 arguments; the first two are the X and Y coordinates for the first control point, the second two are the X and Y coordinates for the second control point, and the last two are the X and Y coordinates for the destination point.

The closepath command takes zero arguments and closes the current subpath in the active path.

Note that a sequence of commands must begin with a moveto or rmoveto to work with the SVG output.

Line-cap styles and line-join styles may be customized by overriding the line-cap-style and line-join-style properties, respectively. Available line-cap styles are 'butt, 'round, and 'square. Available line-join styles are 'miter, 'round, and 'bevel.

The property filled specifies whether or not the path is filled with color.

samplePath = #'((moveto 0 0) (lineto -1 1) (lineto 1 1) (lineto 1 -1) (curveto -5 -5 -5 5 -1 0) (closepath)) \markup { \path #0.25 #samplePath \override #'(line-join-style . miter) \path #0.25 #samplePath \override #'(filled . #t) \path #0.25 #samplePath }

Used properties:

• filled (#f)
• line-join-style (round)
• line-cap-style (round)

\postscript str (string)

This inserts str directly into the output as a PostScript command string.

ringsps = #" 0.15 setlinewidth 0.9 0.6 moveto 0.4 0.6 0.5 0 361 arc stroke 1.0 0.6 0.5 0 361 arc stroke " rings = \markup { \with-dimensions #'(-0.2 . 1.6) #'(0 . 1.2) \postscript #ringsps } \relative c'' { c2^\rings a2_\rings }

\rounded-box arg (markup)

Draw a box with rounded corners around arg. Looks at thickness, box-padding and font-size properties to determine line thickness and padding around the markup; the corner-radius property makes it possible to define another shape for the corners (default is 1).

c4^\markup { \rounded-box { Overtura } } c,8. c16 c4 r

Used properties:

• box-padding (0.5)
• font-size (0)
• corner-radius (1)
• thickness (1)

\scale factor-pair (pair of numbers) arg (markup)

Scale arg. factor-pair is a pair of numbers representing the scaling-factor in the X and Y axes. Negative values may be used to produce mirror images.

\markup { \line { \scale #'(2 . 1) stretched \scale #'(1 . -1) mirrored } }

\triangle filled (boolean)

A triangle, either filled or empty.

\markup { \triangle ##t \hspace #2 \triangle ##f }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip (2)
• font-size (0)
• thickness (0.1)

\with-url url (string) arg (markup)

Add a link to URL url around arg. This only works in the PDF backend.

\markup { \with-url #"https://lilypond.org/" { LilyPond ... \italic { music notation for everyone } } }

A.11.4 Music

\compound-meter time-sig (number or pair)

Draw a numeric time signature.

\markup { \column { \line { Single number: \compound-meter #3 } \line { Conventional: \compound-meter #'(4 . 4) or \compound-meter #'(4 4) } \line { Compound: \compound-meter #'(2 3 8) } \line { Single-number compound: \compound-meter #'((2) (3)) } \line { Complex compound: \compound-meter #'((2 3 8) (3 4)) } } }

\customTabClef num-strings (integer) staff-space (number)

Draw a tab clef sans-serif style.

\doubleflat

Draw a double flat symbol.

\markup { \doubleflat }

\doublesharp

Draw a double sharp symbol.

\markup { \doublesharp }

\fermata

Create a fermata glyph. When direction is DOWN, use an inverted glyph. Note that within music, one would usually use the \fermata articulation instead of a markup.

{ c''1^\markup \fermata d''1_\markup \fermata } \markup { \fermata \override #`(direction . ,DOWN) \fermata }

Used properties:

• direction (1)

\flat

Draw a flat symbol.

\markup { \flat }

\musicglyph glyph-name (string)

glyph-name is converted to a musical symbol; for example, \musicglyph #"accidentals.natural" selects the natural sign from the music font. See (notation)The Emmentaler font section ‘The Emmentaler font’ in Referència de la notació for a complete listing of the possible glyphs.

\markup { \musicglyph #"f" \musicglyph #"rests.2" \musicglyph #"clefs.G_change" }

\natural

Draw a natural symbol.

\markup { \natural }

\note-by-number log (number) dot-count (number) dir (number)

Construct a note symbol, with stem and flag. By using fractional values for dir, longer or shorter stems can be obtained. Supports all note-head-styles. Ancient note-head-styles will get mensural-style-flags. flag-style may be overridden independently. Supported flag-styles are default, old-straight-flag, modern-straight-flag, flat-flag, mensural and neomensural. The latter two flag-styles will both result in mensural-flags. Both are supplied for convenience.

\markup { \note-by-number #3 #0 #DOWN \hspace #2 \note-by-number #1 #2 #0.8 }

Used properties:

• style (’())
• flag-style (’())
• font-size (0)

\note duration (duration) dir (number)

This produces a note with a stem pointing in dir direction, with the duration for the note head type and augmentation dots. For example, \note {4.} #-0.75 creates a dotted quarter note, with a shortened down stem.

\markup { \override #'(style . cross) \note {4..} #UP \hspace #2 \note {\breve} #0 }

Used properties:

• style (’())
• flag-style (’())
• font-size (0)

\rest-by-number log (number) dot-count (number)

A rest or multi-measure-rest symbol.

\markup { \rest-by-number #3 #2 \hspace #2 \rest-by-number #0 #1 \hspace #2 \override #'(multi-measure-rest . #t) \rest-by-number #0 #0 }

Used properties:

• multi-measure-rest (#f)
• style (’())
• font-size (0)

\rest duration (string)

This produces a rest, with the duration for the rest type and augmentation dots. "breve", "longa" and "maxima" are valid input-strings.

Printing MultiMeasureRests could be enabled with \override #'(multi-measure-rest . #t) If MultiMeasureRests are taken, the MultiMeasureRestNumber is printed above. This is enabled for all styles using default-glyphs. Could be disabled with \override #'(multi-measure-rest-number . #f)

\markup { \rest #"4.." \hspace #2 \rest #"breve" \hspace #2 \override-lines #'(multi-measure-rest . #t) { \rest #"7" \hspace #2 \override #'(multi-measure-rest-number . #f) \rest #"7" } }

Used properties:

• word-space (0.6)
• multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
• multi-measure-rest (#f)
• style (’())

\score score (score)

Inline an image of music. The reference point (usually the middle staff line) of the lowest staff in the top system is placed on the baseline.

\markup { \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative c' { \key f \major \time 3/4 \mark \markup { Allegro } f2\p( a4) c2( a4) bes2( g'4) f8( e) e4 r } \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \key f \major \time 3/4 f8( a c a c a f c' es c es c) f,( bes d bes d bes) f( g bes g bes g) } >> \layout { indent = 0.0\cm \context { \Score \override RehearsalMark.break-align-symbols = #'(time-signature key-signature) \override RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT } \context { \Staff \override TimeSignature.break-align-anchor-alignment = #LEFT } } } }

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\semiflat

Draw a semiflat symbol.

\markup { \semiflat }

\semisharp

Draw a semisharp symbol.

\markup { \semisharp }

\sesquiflat

Draw a 3/2 flat symbol.

\markup { \sesquiflat }

\sesquisharp

Draw a 3/2 sharp symbol.

\markup { \sesquisharp }

\sharp

Draw a sharp symbol.

\markup { \sharp }

\tied-lyric str (string)

Like simple-markup, but use tie characters for ‘~’ tilde symbols.

\markup \column { \tied-lyric #"Siam navi~all'onde~algenti Lasciate~in abbandono" \tied-lyric #"Impetuosi venti I nostri~affetti sono" \tied-lyric #"Ogni diletto~e scoglio Tutta la vita~e~un mar." }

Used properties:

• word-space

A.11.5 Instrument Specific Markup

\fret-diagram definition-string (string)

Make a (guitar) fret diagram. For example, say

\markup \fret-diagram #"s:0.75;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"

for fret spacing 3/4 of staff space, D chord diagram

Syntax rules for definition-string:

• - Diagram items are separated by semicolons.
• - Possible items:
  • s:number – Set the fret spacing of the diagram (in staff spaces). Default: 1.
  • t:number – Set the line thickness (relative to normal line thickness). Default: 0.5.
  • h:number – Set the height of the diagram in frets. Default: 4.
  • w:number – Set the width of the diagram in strings. Default: 6.
  • f:number – Set fingering label type (0 = none, 1 = in circle on string, 2 = below string). Default: 0.
  • d:number – Set radius of dot, in terms of fret spacing. Default: 0.25.
  • p:number – Set the position of the dot in the fret space. 0.5 is centered; 1 is on lower fret bar, 0 is on upper fret bar. Default: 0.6.
  • c:string1-string2-fret – Include a barre mark from string1 to string2 on fret.
  • string-fret – Place a dot on string at fret. If fret is ‘o’, string is identified as open. If fret is ‘x’, string is identified as muted.
  • string-fret-fingering – Place a dot on string at fret, and label with fingering as defined by the f: code.
• - Note: There is no limit to the number of fret indications per string.

Used properties:

• thickness (0.5)
• fret-diagram-details
• size (1.0)
• align-dir (-0.4)

\fret-diagram-terse definition-string (string)

Make a fret diagram markup using terse string-based syntax.

Here is an example

\markup \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2;3;2;"

for a D chord diagram.

Syntax rules for definition-string:

• Strings are terminated by semicolons; the number of semicolons is the number of strings in the diagram.
• Mute strings are indicated by ‘x’.
• Open strings are indicated by ‘o’.
• A number indicates a fret indication at that fret.
• If there are multiple fret indicators desired on a string, they should be separated by spaces.
• Fingerings are given by following the fret number with a -, followed by the finger indicator, e.g. ‘3-2’ for playing the third fret with the second finger.
• Where a barre indicator is desired, follow the fret (or fingering) symbol with -( to start a barre and -) to end the barre.

Used properties:

• thickness (0.5)
• fret-diagram-details
• size (1.0)
• align-dir (-0.4)

\fret-diagram-verbose marking-list (pair)

Make a fret diagram containing the symbols indicated in marking-list.

For example,

\markup \fret-diagram-verbose #'((mute 6) (mute 5) (open 4) (place-fret 3 2) (place-fret 2 3) (place-fret 1 2))

produces a standard D chord diagram without fingering indications.

Possible elements in marking-list:

(mute string-number)

Place a small ‘x’ at the top of string string-number.

(open string-number)

Place a small ‘o’ at the top of string string-number.

(barre start-string end-string fret-number)

Place a barre indicator (much like a tie) from string start-string to string end-string at fret fret-number.

(capo fret-number)

Place a capo indicator (a large solid bar) across the entire fretboard at fret location fret-number. Also, set fret fret-number to be the lowest fret on the fret diagram.

(place-fret string-number fret-number [finger-value] [color-modifier] [color] ['parenthesized ['default-paren-color]])

Place a fret playing indication on string string-number at fret fret-number with an optional fingering label finger-value, an optional color modifier color-modifier, an optional color color, an optional parenthesis 'parenthesized and an optional paranthesis color 'default-paren-color. By default, the fret playing indicator is a solid dot. This can be globally changed by setting the value of the variable dot-color or for a single dot by setting the value of color. The dot can be parenthesized by adding 'parenthesized. By default the color for the parenthesis is taken from the dot. Adding 'default-paren-color will take the parenthesis-color from the global dot-color, as a fall-back black will be used. Setting color-modifier to inverted inverts the dot color for a specific fingering. The values for string-number, fret-number, and the optional finger should be entered first in that order. The order of the other optional arguments does not matter. If the finger part of the place-fret element is present, finger-value will be displayed according to the setting of the variable finger-code. There is no limit to the number of fret indications per string.

Used properties:

• thickness (0.5)
• fret-diagram-details
• size (1.0)
• align-dir (-0.4)

\harp-pedal definition-string (string)

Make a harp pedal diagram.

Possible elements in definition-string:

^

pedal is up

-

pedal is neutral

v

pedal is down

|

vertical divider line

o

the following pedal should be circled (indicating a change)

The function also checks if the string has the typical form of three pedals, then the divider and then the remaining four pedals. If not it prints out a warning. However, in any case, it will also print each symbol in the order as given. This means you can place the divider (even multiple dividers) anywhere you want, but you’ll have to live with the warnings.

The appearance of the diagram can be tweaked inter alia using the size property of the TextScript grob (\override Voice.TextScript.size = #0.3) for the overall, the thickness property (\override Voice.TextScript.thickness = #3) for the line thickness of the horizontal line and the divider. The remaining configuration (box sizes, offsets and spaces) is done by the harp-pedal-details list of properties (\override Voice.TextScript.harp-pedal-details.box-width = #1). It contains the following settings: box-offset (vertical shift of the box center for up/down pedals), box-width, box-height, space-before-divider (the spacing between two boxes before the divider) and space-after-divider (box spacing after the divider).

\markup \harp-pedal #"^-v|--ov^"

Used properties:

• thickness (0.5)
• harp-pedal-details (’())
• size (1.2)

\woodwind-diagram instrument (symbol) user-draw-commands (list)

Make a woodwind-instrument diagram. For example, say

\markup \woodwind-diagram #'oboe #'((lh . (d ees)) (cc . (five3qT1q)) (rh . (gis)))

for an oboe with the left-hand d key, left-hand ees key, and right-hand gis key depressed while the five-hole of the central column effectuates a trill between 1/4 and 3/4 closed.

The following instruments are supported:

• - piccolo
• - flute
• - oboe
• - clarinet
• - bass-clarinet
• - saxophone
• - bassoon
• - contrabassoon

To see all of the callable keys for a given instrument, include the function (print-keys 'instrument) in your .ly file, where instrument is the instrument whose keys you want to print.

Certain keys allow for special configurations. The entire gamut of configurations possible is as follows:

• - 1q (1/4 covered)
• - 1h (1/2 covered)
• - 3q (3/4 covered)
• - R (ring depressed)
• - F (fully covered; the default if no state put)

Additionally, these configurations can be used in trills. So, for example, three3qTR effectuates a trill between 3/4 full and ring depressed on the three hole. As another example, threeRT effectuates a trill between R and open, whereas threeTR effectuates a trill between open and shut. To see all of the possibilities for all of the keys of a given instrument, invoke (print-keys-verbose 'instrument).

Lastly, substituting an empty list for the pressed-key alist will result in a diagram with all of the keys drawn but none filled, for example:

\markup \woodwind-diagram #'oboe #'()

Used properties:

• graphical (#t)
• thickness (0.1)
• size (1)

A.11.6 Accordion Registers

\discant name (string)

\discant name generates a discant accordion register symbol.

To make it available,

#(use-modules (scm accreg))

is required near the top of your input file.

The register names in the default \discant register set have modeled after numeric Swiss notation like depicted in http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_%28Akkordeon%29, omitting the slashes and dropping leading zeros.

The string name is basically a three-digit number with the lowest digit specifying the number of 16’ reeds, the tens the number of 8’ reeds, and the hundreds specifying the number of 4’ reeds. Without modification, the specified number of reeds in 8’ is centered in the symbol. Newer instruments may have registrations where 8’ can be used either within or without a tone chamber, ‘cassotto’. Notationally, the central dot then indicates use of cassotto. One can suffix the tens’ digits ‘1’ and ‘2’ with ‘+’ or ‘-’ to indicate clustering the dots at the right or left respectively rather than centered.

Some examples are

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\freeBass name (string)

\freeBass name generates a free bass/converter accordion register symbol for the usual two-reed layout.

To make it available,

#(use-modules (scm accreg))

is required near the top of your input file.

Available registrations are

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\stdBass name (string)

\stdBass name generates a standard bass accordion register symbol.

To make it available,

#(use-modules (scm accreg))

is required near the top of your input file.

The default bass register definitions have been modeled after the article http://www.accordions.com/index/art/stradella.shtml originally appearing in Accord Magazine.

The underlying register model is

This kind of overlapping arrangement is common for Italian instruments though the exact location of the octave breaks differ.

When not composing for a particular target instrument, using the five reed definitions makes more sense than using a four reed layout: in that manner, the ‘Master’ register is unambiguous. This is rather the rule in literature bothering about bass registrations at all.

Available registrations are

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\stdBassIV name (string)

\stdBassIV name generates a standard bass accordion register symbol.

To make it available,

#(use-modules (scm accreg))

is required near the top of your input file.

The main use is for four-reed standard bass instruments with reedbank layout

Notable instruments are Morino models with MIII (the others are five-reed instead) and the Atlantic IV. Most of those models have three register switches. Some newer Morinos with MIII might have five or even seven.

The prevalent three-register layout uses the middle three switches ‘Tenor’, ‘Master’, ‘Soft Bass’. Note that the sound is quite darker than the same registrations of ‘c,’-based instruments.

Available registrations are

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\stdBassV name (string)

\stdBassV name generates a standard bass accordion register symbol.

To make it available,

#(use-modules (scm accreg))

is required near the top of your input file.

The main use is for five-reed standard bass instruments with reedbank layout

This tends to be the bass layout for Hohner’s Morino series without convertor or MIII manual.

With the exception of the rather new 7-register layout, the highest two chord reeds are usually sounded together. The Older instruments offer 5 or 3 bass registers. The Tango VM offers an additional ‘Solo Bass’ setting that mutes the chord reeds. The symbol on the register buttons of the Tango VM would actually match the physical five-octave layout reflected here, but it is not used in literature.

Composers should likely prefer the five-reed versions of these symbols. The mismatch of a four-reed instrument with five-reed symbols is easier to resolve for the player than the other way round.

Available registrations are

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\stdBassVI name (string)

\stdBassVI name generates a standard bass accordion register symbol for six reed basses.

To make it available,

#(use-modules (scm accreg))

is required near the top of your input file.

This is primarily the register layout for the Hohner “Gola” model. The layout is

The registers are effectively quite similar to that of \stdBass. An additional bass reed at alto pitch is omitted for esthetical reasons from the ‘Master’ setting, so the symbols are almost the same except for the ‘Alto/Soprano’ register with bass notes at Alto pitch and chords at Soprano pitch.

Available registrations are

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

A.11.7 Other

\auto-footnote mkup (markup) note (markup)

Have footnote note act as an annotation to the markup mkup.

\markup { \auto-footnote a b \override #'(padding . 0.2) \auto-footnote c d }

The footnote will be annotated automatically.

Used properties:

• padding (0.0)
• raise (0.5)

\backslashed-digit num (integer)

A feta number, with backslash. This is for use in the context of figured bass notation.

\markup { \backslashed-digit #5 \hspace #2 \override #'(thickness . 3) \backslashed-digit #7 }

Used properties:

• thickness (1.6)
• font-size (0)

\char num (integer)

Produce a single character. Characters encoded in hexadecimal format require the prefix #x.

\markup { \char #65 \char ##x00a9 }

\eyeglasses

Prints out eyeglasses, indicating strongly to look at the conductor.

\markup { \eyeglasses }

\first-visible args (markup list)

Use the first markup in args that yields a non-empty stencil and ignore the rest.

\markup { \first-visible { \fromproperty #'header:composer \italic Unknown } }

\footnote mkup (markup) note (markup)

Have footnote note act as an annotation to the markup mkup.

\markup { \auto-footnote a b \override #'(padding . 0.2) \auto-footnote c d }

The footnote will not be annotated automatically.

\fraction arg1 (markup) arg2 (markup)

Make a fraction of two markups.

\markup { π ≈ \fraction 355 113 }

Used properties:

• font-size (0)

\fromproperty symbol (symbol)

Read the symbol from property settings, and produce a stencil from the markup contained within. If symbol is not defined, it returns an empty markup.

\header { myTitle = "myTitle" title = \markup { from \italic \fromproperty #'header:myTitle } } \markup { \null }

\left-brace size (number)

A feta brace in point size size.

\markup { \left-brace #35 \hspace #2 \left-brace #45 }

\lookup glyph-name (string)

Lookup a glyph by name.

\markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) { \lookup #"brace200" \hspace #2 \rotate #180 \lookup #"brace180" } }

\markalphabet num (integer)

Make a markup letter for num. The letters start with A to Z and continue with double letters.

\markup { \markalphabet #8 \hspace #2 \markalphabet #26 }

\markletter num (integer)

Make a markup letter for num. The letters start with A to Z (skipping letter I), and continue with double letters.

\markup { \markletter #8 \hspace #2 \markletter #26 }

\null

An empty markup with extents of a single point.

\markup { \null }

\on-the-fly procedure (procedure) arg (markup)

Apply the procedure markup command to arg. procedure takes the same arguments as interpret-markup and returns a stencil.

\override new-prop (pair) arg (markup)

Add the argument new-prop to the property list. Properties may be any property supported by (internals)font-interface section ‘font-interface’ in Referència de funcionament intern, (internals)text-interface section ‘text-interface’ in Referència de funcionament intern and (internals)instrument-specific-markup-interface section ‘instrument-specific-markup-interface’ in Referència de funcionament intern.

new-prop may be either a single alist pair, or non-empty alist of its own.

\markup { \undertie "undertied" \override #'(offset . 15) \undertie "offset undertied" \override #'((offset . 15)(thickness . 3)) \undertie "offset thick undertied" }

\page-link page-number (number) arg (markup)

Add a link to the page page-number around arg. This only works in the PDF backend.

\markup { \page-link #2 { \italic { This links to page 2... } } }

\page-ref label (symbol) gauge (markup) default (markup)

Reference to a page number. label is the label set on the referenced page (using \label or \tocItem), gauge a markup used to estimate the maximum width of the page number, and default the value to display when label is not found.

(If the current book or bookpart is set to use roman numerals for page numbers, the reference will be formatted accordingly – in which case the gauge’s width may require additional tweaking.)

\pattern count (non-negative integer) axis (non-negative integer) space (number) pattern (markup)

Prints count times a pattern markup. Patterns are spaced apart by space (defined as for \hspace or \vspace, respectively). Patterns are distributed on axis.

\markup \column { "Horizontally repeated :" \pattern #7 #X #2 \flat \null "Vertically repeated :" \pattern #3 #Y #0.5 \flat }

\property-recursive symbol (symbol)

Print out a warning when a header field markup contains some recursive markup definition.

\right-brace size (number)

A feta brace in point size size, rotated 180 degrees.

\markup { \right-brace #45 \hspace #2 \right-brace #35 }

\slashed-digit num (integer)

A feta number, with slash. This is for use in the context of figured bass notation.

\markup { \slashed-digit #5 \hspace #2 \override #'(thickness . 3) \slashed-digit #7 }

Used properties:

• thickness (1.6)
• font-size (0)

\stencil stil (stencil)

Use a stencil as markup.

\markup { \stencil #(make-circle-stencil 2 0 #t) }

\strut

Create a box of the same height as the space in the current font.

\transparent arg (markup)

Make arg transparent.

\markup { \transparent { invisible text } }

\verbatim-file name (string)

Read the contents of file name, and include it verbatim.

\markup { \verbatim-file #"simple.ly" }

\whiteout arg (markup)

Provide a white background for arg. The shape of the white background is determined by style. The default is box which produces a rectangle. rounded-box produces a rounded rectangle. outline approximates the outline of the markup.

\markup { \combine \filled-box #'(-1 . 15) #'(-3 . 4) #1 \override #'(thickness . 1.5) \whiteout whiteout-box } \markup { \combine \filled-box #'(-1 . 24) #'(-3 . 4) #1 \override #'((style . rounded-box) (thickness . 3)) \whiteout whiteout-rounded-box } \markup { \combine \filled-box #'(-1 . 18) #'(-3 . 4) #1 \override #'((style . outline) (thickness . 3)) \whiteout whiteout-outline }

Used properties:

• thickness (’())
• style (box)

\with-color color (color) arg (markup)

Draw arg in color specified by color.

\markup { \with-color #red red \hspace #2 \with-color #green green \hspace #2 \with-color "#0000ff" blue }

\with-dimensions-from arg1 (markup) arg2 (markup)

Print arg2 with the dimensions of arg1.

\with-dimensions x (pair of numbers) y (pair of numbers) arg (markup)

Set the dimensions of arg to x and y.

\with-link label (symbol) arg (markup)

Add a link to the page holding label label around arg. This only works in the PDF backend.

\markup { \with-link #'label { \italic { This links to the page containing the label... } } }

\with-outline outline (markup) arg (markup)

Print arg with the outline and dimensions of outline.

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